Chapter Eight: PRONOUNS

EXERCISE 1, p. 131. Preview: personal pronouns.

1. Some North American food is very good, but I don’t like most of it. 2. When we

were schoolgirls, my sister and .1. used to play badminton after school every day.

3. If you want to pass your exams, you had better study very hard for them.

4. The work had to be finished by my boss and me a after the store had closed for the

night.5. A hippopotamus spends most of its time in the water of rivers and akes.

6. After work, Mr. Gray asked to speak to Tim and me about the company’s new

policies. He explained them to us and asked for our opinions. 7. Children should

learn to respect other people. They need to learn how to treat other people

politely, including their playmates. 8. My friends asked to borrow my car

because theirs was in the garage for repairs.

EXERCISE 2, p. 132. Personal pronouns: antecedents.

2. they. . . they = pronouns; monkeys = antecedent 3. She = pronoun; teacher = antecedent them = pronoun; papers = antecedent 4. her. . . She

= pronouns ; Nancy = antecedent it = pronoun; apple = antecedent 5. it =

pronoun ; dog = antecedent 6. She.. . She = pronouns; cat = antecedent His.. . him = pronouns; Tom = antecedent They = pronoun; dogs = antecedent him = pronoun ;Tom = antecedent

EXERCISE 3, p. 133. Possessive pronouns and adjectives.

2. mine. . . yours 3. their books . . . hers . . . his 4. its 5. It’s true its way . . . its trip 6. Its name . . . It’s a turtle . . . It’s been (It’s been = It has been) 7. Our house . . . Our neighbor’s house . . . ours . . . theirs 8. It. its prey . . . its long, pointed bill . . . it . . . it . . . it . . . It’s interesting . . . them

EXERCISE 4, p. 134. Personal pronoun use with generic nouns.

3. Students in Biology 101 have to spend three hours per week in the laboratory,

where they do various experiments by following the directions in their lab manuals.

4. Pharmacists fill prescriptions, but they are not allowed to prescribe medicine.

5. (no change) 6. Citizens have two primary responsibilities. They should

vote in every election, and they should serve willingly on a jury. 7. (No change)

8. Lecturers need to prepare their notes carefully so that they do not lost their place

while they are delivering their speech.

EXERCISE 5, p. 135. Personal pronoun use with indefinite pronouns.

2. s/he wants; he or she wants; they want 3. his/her; their 4. his/her; their 5. anyone; his/her; their 6. him/her; them 7. s/he . his/her; they. . . their 8. s/he pleases; they please

EXERCISE 6, p. 136. Personal pronoun use with collective nouns.

2. it consists 3. It 4. They 5. they 6. It doesn’t 7. they

8. It was 9. They are. . . their. . . them 10. It is’

EXERCISE 8, p. 137. Preview of reflexive pronouns.

2. himself 3. herself 4. themselves 5. ourselves 6. yourself

7. yourselves 8. oneself

EXERCISE 9, p. 138. Reflexive pronouns.

2. herself 3. themselves 4. herself 5. yourself . . . himself

myself . . . ourselves . . . themselves 6. myself 7. himself 8. yourself

9. themselves 10. herself

EXERCISE 10, p. 139. Reflexive pronouns.

2. enjoy himself 3. proud of yourselves 4. pat yourself 5. killed

himself 6. entertained themselves 7. introduced myself 8. feeling

sorry for yourself 9. talking to yourself 10. laugh at ourselves

11. promised herself 12. angry at himself

EXERCISE 12, p. 141. Review of nouns and pronouns, singular and plural.

2. Millions of years ago, they had wings. These wings changed as the birds adapted to th.eir environment. 3. Penguins’ principal food was fish. Penguins needed to be able to swim to find their food, so eventually their wings evolved into flippers that enabled them to swim through water with speed and ease. 4. Penguins spend most of their lives in water. However, they lay their eggs on land.. 5. Emperor penguins have interesting egg-laying habits. 6. The female lays one e.g.g. on the ice in Arctic regions, and then immediately returns to the ocean. 7. After the female lays the egg, the male takes over. He covers the egg with his body until it hatches. 8.This process takes seven to eight weeks. During this time, the male doesn’t eat. 9. After the egg hatches, the female returns to take care of the chick, and the male goes to the ocean to find food for himself, his mate, and their offspring.

10. Although the penguins’ natural habitat is in polar regions, we can see them in most major zoos in the world. They seem to adapt well to life in confinement, so we can enjoy watching e antics without feeling sorry about their loss of freedom.

EXERCISE 13, p. 143. Using OTHER.

2. Another. . . Another. . . Another. . . the other 3. The other 4. The

others 5. The other 6. others 7. other 8. another

9. Others 10. the other 11. other 12. others 13. another

14. another 15. Another. . . Others 16. others 17. Another. .

Others . . . other 18. the other 19. the others 20. another

21. Another. . . The other

EXERCISE 15, p. 145. Using OTHER.

2. Another. . . other 3. one another / each other 4. the other

5. other. . . other 6. other 7. others. . . others. . . other 8. each

other / one another.., each other / one another ...each other / one another….

other 9. other 10. other 11. another

EXERCISE 17, p. 147. Summary review.

1. That book contains many different kinds of stories and articles. 2. The English is one of the most important languages in the world. 3. She is always willing to help her friends in every possible e 4. In the past, horses were the principal means of transportation. 5. He succeeded in creating one of the best armies in the world. 6. There is much equipment in the research laboratory, but undergraduates are not allowed to use it. 7. All of the guests enjoyed themselves at the reception. 8. I have a five-year-old daughter and a three-year-old son.

9. Each state in the country Jiae. a different language. 10. Most of e people! Most e.f people - -;-artment building e friendly. 11. A political leader should have the ability to adapt himself/herself to a changing world. 12. In my opinion, e international students should live in a dormitory because they will meet many people and can practice their English every day. Also, if th.ey live in a dormitory, thir food is provided for them. 13. When I lost my passport, I had to apply for the another one. 14. When I got to class, all of the other students were already in their seats. 15. Everyone seeks happiness in their lives. OR Everyone seeks …..happiness in his/her life. 16. In my country, there are a lot of schools / lots of schools. 17. Writing compositions is very hard for me.

18. It’s difficult for me to understand English when people use a lot of slang.

19. -A- Students at the university should attend class regularly and hand in their assignments on time. OR A student at the university should attend classes regularly and hand in his/her assignments on time. 20. In my opinion, t English is an easy language to learn.

EXERCISE 18, p. 148. Summary review.

1. There are many different kinds of animals in the world. 2. My cousin and her

husband want to move to another city because they don’t like … cold weather.

3. I like to travel because I like to learn about other countries and customs.

4. Collecting stamps is one of my hobbies. 5. I came here three and a half months

ago. I think I have made …good progress in English. 6. I was looking for my

keys, but I couldn’t find them. 7. When my mother was ..a a child, she lived in a

small town. Now this town is a big city with tall buildings and many highways.

8. English has borrowed quite a few words from other languages. 9. There

are many students from different countries in this class. 10. Thousands of

athletes take part in the Olympics. 11. Education is one of the most important

aspects of life. Knowledge about many different things allows us to live fuller lives.

12. All of the students’ names were on the list. 13. I live in a two-room apartment. 14. Many e4 people prefer to live in small towns. Their attachment to their communities prevents them from moving from place to place in search of work.

15. Today’s news is just as bad as yesterday’s news. 16. Almost all of the students / Almost all the students in our class speak English well. 17. The teacher gave us some homework to hand in next Tuesday. 18. Today women work as doctors, pilots, archeologisis, and many other things. Both my mother and father are teachers. 19. Every employee in our company respects Mr. Ward.

20. Children need to learn how to get along with other people, how to spend their time wisely, and how to depend on themselves. [Also possible, but more stylistically awkward in its use of pronouns: A child needs to learn how to get along with other people, how to spend his or her time wisely, and how to depend on himself or herself]